• IUJ Journal of Management

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  • SJIF Impact Factor (2020): 6.148

    The IUJ Journal of Management

    The IUJ Journal of Management (IUJ-JOM) is the flagship journal of ICFAI University Jharkhand, Ranchi. The aim of the journal is to provide insight into the business and management research. It also creates a platform for the researchers, academicians, professors , practicing management professionals and proponents in disseminating original,

    theoretical and applied research in the field of management and allied disciplines. The Journal is a Bi-Annual, . . . . .Read more.

    ISSN NO : 2347 - 5080 Journal EOI : 10.11224/IUJ

  • SJIF Impact Factor (2020): 6.148

    Exploring the role of perceived level of difficulty in preference for Project Success Criteria among professionals

    Research on project success and stakeholder management suggests that success perceptions for projects among stakeholders show major relative variations; these variations can largely be attributed to the criteria each stakeholder considers in evaluating the project. Stakeholders consider different success criteria in their evaluation based on their interest/involvement in the particular project, their understanding of the project and outcomes among others. . . . . . . . Read more.

    ISSN NO : 2347 - 5080 Journal EOI : eoi.citefactor.org/10.11224/IUJ.08.01.01

  • SJIF Impact Factor (2020): 6.148

    Land Grabbing and Development Induced Displacement With Special Reference To Singur And Rajarhat In West Bengal

    Displacement is inherent in the policy of development which is guided by neoliberal economic reforms under globalization. It is basically accumulation by dispossession and forceful expulsion of rural people from their land. The commodification of land is fuelling the land acquisition and forceful expulsion from land favour a minority group while millions of people pay the price without reaping any benefits. Along with land grabbing, resettlement and rehabilitation policies are integrally related. . . . . . . . Read more.

    ISSN NO : 2347 - 5080 Journal EOI : eoi.citefactor.org/10.11224/IUJ.08.01.02

  • SJIF Impact Factor (2020): 6.148

    Assessment Of Women’s Occupational Stress And Its Effect On Their Job Performance And Job Satisfaction

    TDoes occupational stress affect job performance and job satisfaction? To find out the answer to this research question, this research work has carried out. To do this research study 200 women employees of co-operative society’s (Banks) were selected through simple sampling method. The well structured questionnaire was utilized to collect the data from the respondents and Articles, Journals, websites etc were used as a secondary source of data. . . . Read more.

    ISSN NO : 2347 - 5080 Journal EOI : eoi.citefactor.org/10.11224/IUJ.08.01.03

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Current Issue : June - 2020

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Exploring the role of perceived level of difficulty in preference for Project Success Criteria among professionals

(Sarosh Kothandath)

Keywords : Project Success, Success criteria, Perceived difficulty level, Polychoric correlation, Bayesian analysis, ordinal factor analysis

EOI : eoi.citefactor.org/10.11224/IUJ.08.01.01

[Abstract]
Research on project success and stakeholder management suggests that success perceptions for projects among stakeholders show major relative variations; these variations can largely be attributed to the criteria each stakeholder considers in evaluating the project. Stakeholders consider different success criteria in their evaluation based on their interest/involvement in the particular project, their understanding of the project and outcomes among others. This paper explores the association between the ‘preference for success criteria’ among professionals to its ‘perceived level of difficulty to achieve’ and concludes that there is indeed a positive correlation between the two factors for some criteria. A relatively weak correlation between the variables is observed after analysis using both traditional methods and polychoric correlations. The paper fails to establish that the relation applies to all success criteria.
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Citation Text :
Exploring the role of perceived level of difficulty in preference for Project Success Criteria among professionals
Vol 8, No.1, Jun 2020

Land Grabbing and Development Induced Displacement With Special Reference To Singur And Rajarhat In West Bengal

(Chandra Kanta Saha )

Keywords : Development, displacement, land acquisition, sustainable development policies, Resettlement and rehabilitation, vulnerable, compensation

EOI : eoi.citefactor.org/10.11224/IUJ.08.01.02

[Abstract]
Displacement is inherent in the policy of development which is guided by neoliberal economic reforms under globalization. It is basically accumulation by dispossession and forceful expulsion of rural people from their land. The commodification of land is fuelling the land acquisition and forceful expulsion from land favour a minority group while millions of people pay the price without reaping any benefits. Along with land grabbing, resettlement and rehabilitation policies are integrally related. In India, the rehabilitation and resettlement policies were not framed properly and Indian Government had also amended the existing land acquisition act for diluting the rehabilitation and resettlement clause. This inadequate rehabilitation and resettlement measures increases vulnerabilities for the displaced persons and this necessitates the role of fair compensation for the displaced person. This paper highlights the role of comprehensive compensation (not only cash) and its implementation, failure of which can increase the tensions between government and citizens and reduce public confidence in the rule of acquisition. In this regard displacement and land acquisition in Singur and Rajarhat deserves a special role. The negative effects of this displacement can be mitigated by using sustainable development principles. In this paper an attempt has been made to relate land acquisition with rehabilitation policies and also to highlight on the sustainable development policies for overall development of the displaced person and the population for the host country. Apart from this, the paper focuses on formulating fair compensation principle and also provides case studies illustrating, the socio economic decline of the displaced person as relocated communities face the task of restoring livelihood less favourable in new area and on the other hand and increase in well being and wealth in post displacement context from the pre displacement level if the policy intervention is inclusive in nature. So displacement cannot be seen always as a necessary evil if it is guided by proper rehabilitation.
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Citation Text :
Chandra Kanta Saha, Land Grabbing and Development Induced Displacement With Special Reference To Singur And Rajarhat In West Bengal
Vol 8, No.1, Jun 2020

Assessment Of Women’s Occupational Stress And Its Effect On Their Job Performance And Job Satisfaction

( "Dr. Prakash b. Kundaragi; Dr. Sachin k. Parappagoudar" )

Keywords : Occupational stress, Job performance, Job satisfaction, Co-operative societies

EOI : eoi.citefactor.org/10.11224/IUJ.08.01.03

[Abstract]
Does occupational stress affect job performance and job satisfaction? To find out the answer to this research question, this research work has carried out. To do this research study 200 women employees of co-operative society’s (Banks) were selected through simple sampling method. The well structured questionnaire was utilized to collect the data from the respondents and Articles, Journals, websites etc were used as a secondary source of data. The Research found that, there is a negative relationship between occupational stress and job performance but not significant. In the same way there is a negative and significant relationship between occupational stress and job satisfaction of women employees. As increase the level of occupational stress, the job performance and job satisfaction decreases and vice-versa. Simple percentage, Correlation and ANOVA has been employed to analyze, interpret the data and hypothesis have tested through SPSS-20.
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Citation Text :
"Dr. Prakash b. Kundaragi; Dr. Sachin k. Parappagoudar"; Assessment Of Women’s Occupational Stress And Its Effect On Their Job Performance And Job Satisfaction
Vol 8, No.1, Jun 2020

Effect of Mediation of Perceived Organizational Support in the Relationship between Role Stress and Emotional Exhaustion of Nurses

( "Dr. Prasanjit Dasgupta; Dr. D.M.Pestonjee" )

Keywords : Emotional Exhaustion; Nurse; Nursing Role Stress; Perceived Organizational Support; Power Distance Environment

EOI : eoi.citefactor.org/10.11224/IUJ.08.01.04

[Abstract]
Nurses are highly susceptible to burnout which affects quality of patient care and their own well-being. Emotional Exhaustion is considered as a core dimension of burnout. It has been found that some sources and consequences of Nursing Role Stress (NRS) vary based on National Culture. In India Nurses do not enjoy high status in healthcare set-up as their counterparts in West. Studies in West and Far-East indicate Perceived Organizational Support (POS) mitigates Nurses’ Emotional Exhaustion. Study has been undertaken to analyze impact of POS on Emotional Exhaustion of nurses and also aimed at ascertaining whether Low Status of Nurses and operating in High-Power Distance environment in India serve as a cause of Stress. 506 Nurses of Six Private Hospitals of Kolkata participated. Data was analyzed using Correlations and Regression Analysis and Mediation Analysis was confirmed by Sobel Test. Study revealed POS Partially Mediates in the relationship between NRS and Emotional Exhaustion of Nurses. Low Status of Nurses serve as a Major Source of NRS. Discussion on the Result, Academic and Managerial Implications, Limitations, Scope of Research, Conclusion discussed in the Study. This Study may be useful for Healthcare Managers to design appropriate policy to control Emotional Exhaustion of Nurses.
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Citation Text :
"Dr. Prasanjit Dasgupta; Dr. D.M.Pestonjee";Effect of Mediation of Perceived Organizational Support in the Relationship between Role Stress and Emotional Exhaustion of Nurses
Vol 8, No.1, Jun 2020

Teacher traits and responsibilities: a study from students’ perspective

( Dr. Gopaldas Pawan Kumar )

Keywords : Teacher traits, Teacher responsibilities, Student expectations, Academics

EOI : eoi.citefactor.org/10.11224/IUJ.08.01.05

[Abstract]
A teacher, being an important stakeholder in the education system has many roles to play to effectively influence students to excel in academics. From KG to PG (Kindergarten to Post Graduation) students are exposed to certain traits and disposition from a teacher/lecturer who ultimately moulds students’ behaviour, attitude and outlook. Since, a student spends almost six to seven hours in an institution every day; the influence of teachers/lecturers cannot be undermined. Every teacher is remembered by at least few students for the impact they have made on their psyche. The effects are so profound that some of the success stories of students are attributed to teacher(s) and conversely their failure(s) too. This leads us to the question of “What do students want to see in a teacher?” In other words, what are the traits and responsibilities a student expects from his/her teacher? A survey was undertaken in various institutions in Hyderabad in order to know the perceptions of students from intermediate, degree and post-graduation levels. The findings of the statistical analysis using factor analysis show that students expect a teacher/faculty to be a disciplinarian, facilitator, competent, influencer and compassionate.
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Citation Text :
Dr. Gopaldas Pawan Kumar,Teacher traits and responsibilities: a study from students’ perspective
Vol 8, No.1, jun 2020

Transactional Leadership Behaviour And Workers Emotional Labour In Nigerian Hospitality Industry

( Friday Ogbu Edeh )

Keywords : Transactional Leadership, Workers Emotional Labour, Deep Acting, Surface Acting, Contingent Rewards, Active Management by Exception

EOI : eoi.citefactor.org/10.11224/IUJ.08.01.06

[Abstract]
This study investigates the effect of transactional leadership behaviour on workers emotional labour in Nigerian hospitality industry. Cross sectional research survey was employed in the study. Two hundred and sixty workers were surveyed from twenty selected four star hotels in Abakaliki with a sample size of one hundred and fifty five. Questionnaire was used as an instrument for data collection. Cronbach α was used to determine the instrument reliability. Linear regression was used to analysed the hypotheses. The study found that transactional leadership behaviour dimensions have positive significant effect on the measures of workers emotional labour in Nigerian hospitality industry. This study concludes that transactional leadership behaviour that is measured in term of transactional leadership behaviour dimensions such as contingent rewards and active management by exception increases workers emotional labour in Nigerian hospitality industry. The implication of this study is that hospitality practitioners and managers should employ transactional leadership behaviour to influence their workers by rewarding them for their performance and effectiveness.
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Citation Text :
"Friday Ogbu Edeh" Transactional Leadership Behaviour And Workers Emotional Labour In Nigerian Hospitality Industry,
Vol 8, No.1, Jun 2020

A study on consumer orientation toward Patanjali products

( "Ghanshyam Dos; Dr. Ramesh Kumar Chaturvedi" )

Keywords : Consumer behavior, Patanjali Ayurveda limited, Consumer buying behavior, Innovativeness, Extensive Distribution and Consumer Focus Strategy.

EOI : eoi.citefactor.org/10.11224/IUJ.08.01.07

[Abstract]
India, is one of the nation in the world, where Indian were more depend on nature, whether it’s food, shelter, medicines, from ancient time, also in present time too. In this way India is largest market of herbal products whether it’s medical or food products. The main aim of this article to survey that to study Patanjali consumer behavior under various scale i.e. ethnocentrism, nationalism, low price seekers, etc. this paper divided into five parts, first part introduction which includes introduction of Patanjali Ayurveda limited, and consumer behavior. Second part review of literature, in this section we tried to summarize various research article on Patanjali products and its consumers buying behavior. Third section research method, survey design five-point Likert scale and data collected by the 100 visiting costumers on Patanjali stores, and descriptive statistics used for the analysis. Fourth section findings shows that the extensive distribution policy, psychological and personality traits play a significant role while consumers select Patanjali products. Fifth section conclusion and recommendation, with a practical implication mode of data collection might be hectic for respondents, there may be a chance of miss conclusion due to small sample size, and its originality/value- This research work was done during my MPhil program in 2017, at that time, there were few researchers did on Patanjali. So during that time, this research was new at wide scale.
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Citation Text :
"Ghanshyam Dos; A study on consumer orientation toward Patanjali products;
Vol 8, No.1, Jun 2020

Neuro - couplings in managerial choice preference

( "Colonel (Dr) J. Satpathy; Prof (Dr) Saylee Gankar; Prof (Dr) Jagannath Patnaik" )

Keywords : Neuropsychoeconomics, Psychoeconomics, behaviours

EOI : eoi.citefactor.org/10.11224/IUJ.08.01.08

[Abstract]
Behavioural economics has engaged strides in direction of snowballing psychosomatic practicality of prototypes and causal suppositions. This tactic has been efficacious at spawning innovative exploration schemata in economics (including Neuropsychoeconomics and Psychoeconomics). Artificial intelligence, deep learning, machine learning and expert schemes are dynamic paths in understanding, expounding and developing cognitive ‘choice preference’ of top organisational administration. Operative action, notwithstanding of cost-effective milieu in which it is sited, virtually becomes a pivotal functionality with methodical underpinning and consequent technical operation. Neural activity establishes characteristics of chaotic comportment. Cognitive ‘choice preference’assortment depend on (neuro) psychology, neuro (biology), pathology plus (neuro) psychoeconomics and it encompasses factors that project a principal character in course of crafting cognitive ‘choice preference’ on a neural plane. This is notwithstanding of the point if they are made determinedly or indeterminably. From emotional point of view cognitive ‘choice preference’ assortment is a scheme where cognitive, reasoning, emotional and motivational characteristics play a vivacious part. Cognitive ‘agent’ (Cells) receives signals, perform recognition and transduction to grow and die in stochastic milieus. Is there a problem with cognitive ‘choice preference’assortment? Impression that cognitive ‘choice preferences’ are taken through rational or logical thought process have been exposed to questioning by experiments that analyse estimation during cognitive ‘choice preference’assortment. Reference is drawn to ‘agents that impact cognitive ‘choice preference’, genes they activate to differentiate based on multiple signals of origin, conditions that support or negate findings that aid understanding of how cognitive configurations influence cognitive ‘choice preference’assortment. Cellular - based cognitive ‘choice preference’assortment can infer from noisy signals and anticipated state of setting. They weigh costs and benefits of each potential response. Third, ‘agent’ decides in presence of potentially competitive makers. These cognitive ‘choice preference’ are separate. Rationality is unclear with stochastic complexity. Are actors being threatened by ‘cognitive ‘choice preference’ alarm’? Individuals have relatively a distinctive methodology to cognitive ‘choice preference’assortment. This is due to their instinctive or erudite capacity to transact with high uncertainty, ambiguity and time pressure and emotional stress (state of VUCA). Individuals assume that cognitive ‘choice preference’ they take are rational, optimal and based on best accessible neuro. They postulate that they are in total appreciation of cognitive ‘choice preferential’ behaviours. Such propositions are now scanned under lens of cellular and cognitive prisms in the spectrum of neurobiology of cognitive ‘choice preference’-assortment. Issues like how cognitive ‘choice preferential’ processes transgress in ‘cranial apparatus’ pathways, how ‘cranial apparatus’ considers sources of neuro and what intrinsic processes embody conflicting values have been explored to design ‘rational’ cognitive ‘choice preference’. This paper attempts at addressing molecular researches to explore neuro - driven Individual cognitive ‘choice preference’assortment (state of organizational neuroscience in Individual exploration).
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Citation Text :
"Colonel (Dr) J. Satpathy; Prof (Dr) Saylee Gankar; Prof (Dr) Jagannath Patnaik", Neuro - couplings in managerial choice preference;
Vol 8, No.1, Jun 2020

Raging Killers: Corona and Terrorism in Indo-Pak scenario

( Brig JS Rajpurohit )

Keywords : Terrorism, Jammu and Kashmir, Covid-19 pandemic, Pakistan, India.

EOI : eoi.citefactor.org/10.11224/IUJ.08.01.09

[Abstract]
"Pakistan has been abetting terrorism in Indian UT of Jammu and Kashmir and Indian attempts to bring end terrorism have not been respected by Pakistan. Pakistan has acknowledged its inability to managed Covid-19 pandemic but is relentless in its impish attempts to push terrorists in J&K. During the trying phase of Covid-19 pandemic, when the whole world is fighting against the pandemic to save human race, extremists are adding fuel to the fire to the human values. Unfortunately, Pakistan Supreme Court has allowed its government to conduct elections in Gilgit-Baltistan province in Northern Areas. This is an attempt to change basic structure of original J&K that extends up to Hunja, Gilgit, Baltistan and Skardu and has been forcibly occupied by Pakistan. This is stirring at a time when IMF has agreed to give a massive credit an relief to Pakistan and US is supporting them with millions of dollars’ relief to fight Covid-19. This chapter of human antiquity is a crucial one; the world is in a state of shock when there is no solution to the pandemic. Scientists, all over the world are preoccupied with research work to counter the terror of Corona virus. Two sets of disparate operations are being conducted by India; one against the extremist called Corona by all of us as humans and another against the real extremists sponsored by Pakistan based Jihadi groups. India has to find solutions to Pak supported terror on Indian sovereign territory. Paper analyses the impact of terrorism during the Covid-19 pandemic to seek solution the existing challenge. "
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Citation Text :
Brig JS Rajpurohit, Raging Killers: Corona and Terrorism in Indo-Pak scenario;
Vol 8, No.1, Jun 2020.

A Literature Review on Gender Disparities in School Education System

( "Mr. Santa Prasad Roy; Dr. Dilip Kumar" )

Keywords : Gender, Disparities, Girls, School, Education, Community Participation.

EOI : eoi.citefactor.org/10.11224/IUJ.08.01.10

[Abstract]
The research paper attempts to examine the factors or constructs which adversely affects the girl’s child enrollment in primary and secondary education. The researchers collected various secondary data, research papers and reports for the extensive review of the literatures on the disparities among the girls education in West Bengal. According to the report of MHRD, GoI report says that out of every 10 girls enrolled in Primary section only 7 girls complete their Secondary education and 5 girls complete their Senior Secondary education. High drop-out rate among girls is the root cause for gender disparities and government has implemented various schemes like SSA, NPEGL, KGBV, Kishori Shakti Yojana etc. to resolve these issues but still problems is existing in school education. The research paper is divided in to four phases. The first section mentioned about the various inputs of report, policies and research paper in girl’s education system. The second phase covered different variables or factors which were found during literature regarding gender disparities in school education. The third section covered the methodology used for secondary data analysis the and last section mentioned the concluding remarks of the paper.
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Citation Text :
"Mr. Santa Prasad Roy; Dr. Dilip Kumar",A Literature Review on Gender Disparities in School Education System;
Vol 8, No.1, Jun 2020.

Gamification: The Conclusive Engagement Lever

( Shruti Singh )

Keywords : Retail Image, Customer Perception, advertisers, messages, measurement.

EOI : Employee Engagement, Gamification, Human Resources, Employee Behaviour

[Abstract]
Employee Engagement is determined as the most important challenge in the contemporary HR field. Managers are always burdened with enlarging the engagaement dimensions of employees. Gamification has always standout amongst the most exceptional technique for engaging employees. The methodology of gamification receives the human conduct of including in gaming exercises and verbalizes it with their work with the expectation to upgrade engagement. The present paper is based on extensive literature on gamification and employee engagement. It goes for dissecting the pertinent gamification structure models. Gamification impacts employee conduct through motivation as they are stirred by rewards and acknowledgment. Starting at now numerous organizations have distinguished strides to gamify the work environment, yielding processable outcomes in connection of worker commitment which relate with execution, maintenance and profit related outcomes. Gamification applications equip the diversion mechanics and inspirational strategies to acquaint minimal sound rivalry with the work environment and harbor employee behavior required to achieve enhanced business results. The paper finishes up by evaluating the genuine use of gamification by the associations in boosting employee engagement.
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Citation Text :
Shruti Singh, Gamification: The Conclusive Engagement Lever;
Vol.8, Issue.1, Jun 2020.

Interdependence of Governance and Financial Performances in Selected Indian Public Sector Undertaking Banks

( "Sujoy Kumar Dhar" )

Keywords : Corona virus disease-2019, Diagnosis, Treatment and Precaution

EOI : Governance, Non-performing asset, Board, Capital adequacy,Net profit

[Abstract]
Corporate governance considers the multiple issues arising from interaction among senior management, shareholders, board of directors, promoters, institutional investors etc. The threat of accumulation of non-performing assets has become a major challenge for Public Sector Undertaking banks. Thus, it has become imperative for banks to implement sound and efficient corporate governance practices. Objective of the research paper is to analyse the interdependence of corporate governance practices of selected Indian PSU banks and their financial performances. The financial year (2015-16) has been taken into consideration for the research paper. 21 PSU banks are taken into considerations such as State Bank of India, Punjab National Bank, Bank of Baroda, Bank of India, Canara Bank, Union bank of India, IDBI Bank Limited, Syndicate Bank, Central Bank of India, Indian Overseas Bank, Oriental Bank of Commerce, Allahabad Bank, Corporation Bank, UCO Bank, Indian Bank, Andhra Bank, Bank of Maharashtra, Vijaya Bank, Dena Bank, United Bank of India and Punjab & Sind Bank. Net profit is taken as dependent variable. Board size, board independence, net NPA, capital adequacy ratio has been considered as independent variables. Pearson’s correlation coefficient and multiple regressions have been used in this study
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Citation Text :
Sujoy Kumar Dhar, Interdependence of Governance and Financial Performances in Selected Indian Public Sector Undertaking Banks ;
Vol.8, Issue.1, Jun 2020.



Conceptual model illuminating the factors and constructs influencing the mergers and acquisitions decisions

( "Swati Shrivastava" )

Keywords : Mergers and Acquisitions (M&A); Conceptual Model; Economic Turf, Strategic Assets and Cultural Environment

EOI : eoi.citefactor.org/10.11224/IUJ.08.01.13

[Abstract]
"The concept of Mergers and Acquisitions has mustered enough consideration of the Multinational Behemoths, Industrialists, Government sector and Researchers as a significant mechanism to withstand the gauntlets in the global, complex and transforming epoch. Many positive practices and initiatives have been taken by the professional managers to combat the requisites of the challenging and demanding business world in the form of Mergers and Acquisitions; but the hindrances impeding the fruitful acknowledgement, implementation and further revival of organizations have implicitly and explicitly influenced the possible and productive consequences in the advancing nations. There is dearth of an imperative initiative to provide a conceptual Model illuminating the important factors and constructs, which influence the decisions regarding Mergers and Acquisitions. In order to find the concerned factors and constructs affecting the Mergers and Acquisitions; an in-depth literature review was undertaken by reviewing about 73 scholarly research works from the reputed and peer-reviewed journals along with the sources of open access available online providing the foundational aspects in context to the Mergers and Acquisitions. Hermeneutics and qualitative content analysis were used for defining the factors and constructs. The constructs and factors constitute the entire conceptual domain reflecting the major aspects influencing the possible Merging initiatives in terms of (E) Economic Turf; (S) Strategic Assets and (C) Cultural Environment. The main aim of the research paper is to propose a new conceptual framework named “ESC” approach, which considers the various factors and constructs that influence the organizational decisions in context to Mergers and Acquisitions (M&As) across the advancing as well as developing economies such as India. The study also revealed that majority of the research works has been reflecting these factors and constructs only. Finally, the propositions for the managers, policy-makers, business intellects, experts, academicians and researchers have been provided to enable the researchers to give a clear cut understanding of these foundational constructs with regard to the Mergers and Acquisitions."
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Citation Text :
Swati Shrivastava,Conceptual model illuminating the factors and constructs influencing the mergers and acquisitions decisions ;
Vol.8, Issue.1, Jun 2020.



Start-up problems of SHGs in Income Generating Activities: A Case Study of SHGs in Kathikund, Dumka, Jharkhand

( "Innocent Soren; Dr. Satyendra kishore" )

Keywords : SHG, IGA, SHPI, Low-level equilibrium trap, Development actors.

EOI : eoi.citefactor.org/10.11224/IUJ.08.01.15

[Abstract]
Self Help Groups (SHGs) have been widely instrumental in poverty alleviation and organizing the poor people. However, quite a few SHGs have not shown encouraging results in some regions of Jharkhand. This case study examined the causes of start-up problems of five SHGs in two villages of Kathikund area of Dumka district. Women of these SHGs could not start or sustain income generating activities even after 5 to 13 years of their formation. The causes of start-up problems of these SHGs are enumerated based on discussions with them. A few insights are also described as a result of participant observation. The findings revealed that the role of development actors was critical for the success of SHGs. It was appropriate to make a few recommendations to address the problems.
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Citation Text :
" Innocent Soren; Dr. Satyendra kishore";Start-up problems of SHGs in Income Generating Activities: A Case Study of SHGs in Kathikund, Dumka, Jharkhand;
Vol.8, Issue.1, Jun 2020.